Astr 204 December 4, 2001 

The Sun is bright

Flux

Luminosity

Counting photons

Double the size of the sphere?

Change the distance?

Distance Luminosity relation

Standard candles

Supernova

Good standard candles

Supernova Type Ia

Hubble's Law (again)

Expansion

Not a constant

Gravitational attraction

Energy density

Measuring deceleration of universal expansion

Distance and redshift

Supernova Type Ia at high redshifts

Expansion rates

Explanations?

Perhaps they are not standard candles

Dust and grey dust

The Cosmological constant